Lagos Overhauls Chieftaincy Law, Empowers Governor with Final Authority

Lagos Proposes Overhaul of Chieftaincy Law, Expands Governor’s Authority and Codifies Monarchs’ Roles

In a historic move to modernize traditional governance, the Lagos State Government is set to repeal and re-enact the Obas and Chiefs Law, introducing a comprehensive legal framework that redefines the roles of traditional rulers and strengthens government oversight.

The draft bill, currently under review following a high-level stakeholders’ meeting convened by the Ministry of Justice, seeks to clarify the functions, powers, and legal standing of monarchs within Lagos’ evolving administrative landscape. Attendees included traditional rulers from the state’s five divisions, lawmakers, legal experts, and community leaders.

Sanwo-Olu to Meet APC Stakeholders to Strategize Ahead of LG Polls

Defining the Role of Traditional Rulers

One of the bill’s key innovations is the formal codification of the duties of Obas and Chiefs. Section 2 of the proposed law lists their responsibilities as conflict mediation, community development, grassroots communication, security support, and advocacy for tax compliance. This legal recognition aims to resolve longstanding ambiguity surrounding their function in democratic governance.

The bill also exempts official palaces and heritage homes—such as the Iga and Awanu—from property rates, acknowledging their cultural significance and allowing for state-supported maintenance, subject to the consent of the ruling Oba or Chief.

Governor’s Authority Over Chieftaincy Affairs

A major and contentious feature of the bill is the expanded power of the Governor in chieftaincy matters. Under the new law, the Governor can approve, reject, or reverse traditional appointments—even if customary selection processes are followed—based on public interest, peace, or order.

While this provision is intended to prevent disputes, critics argue it centralizes authority excessively. To mitigate concerns, the bill permits affected parties to challenge such decisions in court within 21 days and mandates a 60-day response window for the Governor on petitions.

Regulation of Customary Chiefs and Anti-Impersonation Measures

To address the proliferation of impostor chiefs, the bill introduces penalties for unauthorized installations. Section 23 prescribes up to two years’ imprisonment or a N5 million fine for installing or impersonating a chief without approval. It also penalizes those who obstruct installation rites or occupy chieftaincy property unlawfully.

Chieftaincy Committees at the local government level will handle appointments and disputes, ensuring adherence to custom and legality.

Criteria for Establishing New Chieftaincy Titles

The bill stipulates that any new traditional stool must be at least 120 years old under customary law. Proposals will undergo a public inquiry, legal vetting, and community feedback within a 30-day period before final approval by the Governor. This process aims to preserve the integrity of traditional institutions and avoid politically motivated creations.

Reclassification of Obas and Control of Honorary Titles

The law also introduces a classification system for monarchs: Special Grade, Grades A, B, and C (which includes upgraded Baales). This is expected to reduce intra-council disputes over status.

The conferment of honorary chieftaincy titles is now restricted to Obas—limited to five per year and subject to prior approval by the Commissioner. Unauthorized title conferments are criminalized, carrying similar penalties as illegal installations. Additionally, honorary chiefs cannot be elevated to full traditional rulers.

Restructuring of the Council of Traditional Rulers

Part 8 of the proposed law reorganizes the Lagos State Council of Traditional Rulers. The Oba of Lagos becomes the permanent Chairman, supported by four Deputy Chairmen representing the state’s divisions and five rotating Vice Chairmen from Grade A monarchs. With a 60-member council, the body will advise the state on traditional matters, provide policy feedback, and assist with conflict resolution.

Conclusion

Lagos State’s bold legislative initiative could redefine the relationship between modern government and traditional institutions. By clarifying roles, regulating appointments, and institutionalizing legitimacy, the proposed law aims to harmonize cultural heritage with contemporary governance needs.

If implemented with fairness and diligence, the new chieftaincy law could serve as a national model for traditional leadership reform.